CHIROPRATIC MEDICINE
Origins and History of Chiropractic Care
The
word ‘Chiropractic’ comes from the Greek words cheir (meaning ‘hand’) and praktos (meaning
‘done’), i.e. Done by Hand. The name was chosen by the developer of chiropractic, Daniel David Palmer.
A prolific reader of all things scientific, DD Palmer realized that although various forms of manipulation had been used for
hundreds if not thousands of years, no one had developed a philosophical or scientific rationale to explain their effects.
Palmer’s major contribution to the health field was therefore the codification of the philosophy, art and science of
chiropractic, which was based on his extensive study of anatomy and physiology. Palmer performed the initial chiropractic
adjustment in September 1895. Palmer examined a janitor who had become deaf 17 years prior after he felt something “give”
in his back. Palmer examined the area and gave a crude “adjustment” to what was felt to be a misplaced vertebra
in the upper back. The janitor then observed that his hearing improved. From that first adjustment, DD Palmer continued to
develop chiropractic and in 1897 established the Palmer School of Cure, now known as the Palmer College of Chiropractic, in
Davenport, Iowa, where it remains today. Following the first adjustment, many people became interested in Palmer’s new
science and healing art. Among his early students were Palmer’s son, Bartlett Joshua (BJ), as well as members of the
older healing arts of medicine and osteopathy.
The first state law licensing chiropractors was passed in 1913, and by 1931, 39 states
had given chiropractors legal recognition. Today, there are more than 60,000 active chiropractic licenses
in the United States. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands officially recognize
chiropractic as a health care profession. Many other countries also recognize and regulate chiropractic, including Canada,
Mexico, Great Britain, Australia, Japan and Switzerland.
General Information about Chiropractic
Care
As evidence supporting the effectiveness
of chiropractic continues to emerge, consumers are turning in large numbers to chiropractic care — a non-surgical, drug-free
treatment option. A few interesting facts on this increasingly popular form of health care:
Chiropractic
is the largest, most regulated, and best recognized of the complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) professions. It is
the third largest doctoral-level health care profession after medicine and dentistry.
(Meeker, Haldeman; 2002; Annals of
Internal Medicine)
There are more than 60,000 active chiropractic licenses in the United
States. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands officially recognize chiropractic
as a health care profession.
In 2002, approximately 7.4 percent of the population used chiropractic
care – a higher percentage than yoga, massage, acupuncture or other diet-based therapies.(Tindle HA, Davis RB, Phillips RS, Eisenberg DM. Trends in use of complementary and alternative medicine by US adults:
1997-2002. Altern Ther Health Med. 2005 Jan-Feb;11(1):42-9.)
Doctors of Chiropractic undergo at least four years of professional study. The Council on Chiropractic
Education, an agency certified by the Department of Education, currently recognizes 15 chiropractic programs at 18 different
locations. In addition, Doctors of Chiropractic must pass national board examinations and become state-licensed prior to practicing.
Doctors of Chiropractic provide care in
hospitals and other multidisciplinary health care facilities. A few notable examples of chiropractic integration into today’s
health care system include the chiropractic department at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Md., and the care
provided to veterans, active-duty military personnel, and Medicare patients.
Who is the typical chiropractic patient? *
More
than 35 percent of patients receiving chiropractic care were being treated for mid or low-back pain, and almost 20 percent
were being treated for neck pain. More than half of those surveyed said that their symptoms were chronic.
Approximately
60 percent of all chiropractic patients are female.
Conditions commonly
treated by chiropractors include, but are not limited to, back pain, neck pain, headaches, sports injuries, motor vehicle
accident injuries, and repetitive strains. Patients also seek treatment of pain associated with other conditions, such as
arthritis.
* Some data provided by the 2005 Job Analysis of Chiropractic,
which is published by the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, www.nbce.org.
For Headaches “Cervical spine manipulation was associated
with significant improvement in headache outcomes in trials involving patients with neck pain and/or neck dysfunction and
headache.” -- Duke Evidence Report, McCrory, Penzlen, Hasselblad, Gray (2001)
“The results of this study show that spinal manipulative therapy is an effective
treatment for tension headaches. . . Four weeks after cessation of treatment . . . the patients who received spinal manipulative
therapy experienced a sustained therapeutic benefit in all major outcomes in contrast to the patients that received amitriptyline
therapy, who reverted to baseline values.” ‘-- Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, Boline
et al.(1995)
Cost Effectiveness “Chiropractic care appeared relatively cost-effective for the
treatment of chronic low-back pain.
Chiropractic and medical care performed comparably for acute patients. Practice-based clinical outcomes were consistent with
systematic reviews of spinal manipulative efficacy: manipulation-based therapy is at least as good as and, in some cases,
better than other therapeusis.”– Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, Haas et al.(2005)
Network Spinal Analysis - Network Chiropractic
Network chiropractic is an approach that has been developed
by Donald Epstein, D.C. It draws upon chiropractic's traditional adjustment techniques and works with the body's Innate
Intelligence. Its uniqueness lies in its use of a unified system of twelve techniques with special attention to their timing
and sequencing. Using light, supple movements, practitioners adjust each
vertebra in relationship to the rest of the spine, since they believe that spine protects an essential channel of energy and
information to the body. Dr. Epstein's system of Network Spinal Analysis
integrates points of agreement from diverse chiropractic approaches. He observed from clinical experience that not all subluxations
of the spine are the same. There are two types of subluxations, structural (arising from physical stresses) and facilitated
(arising from emotional stresses). The practitioner addresses them in different ways.
Network chiropractic combines
a variety of chiropractic techniques to enable the practitioner to adjust subluxations with the precise amount and type of
force suggested by clinical findings. This is different from attempting to match the vertebra being adjusted to a specific
technique. The difference lies in the sequence of the adjustments and the networking of the various methods.
Main Uses: Spinal misalignment, Muscular stiffness, Stress,
Improved well-being
Wellness Benefits associated
with Network Care and NSA
A self-reported retrospective characterization of 2818 patients under Network Care has been
previously reported. The results of that study describe the Network Care recipients as predominantly female and similar in
socioeconomic status, and higher educational characteristics to those seeking other forms of alternative health care (Eisenberg,
as cited in Blanks, et al.). The Network Chiropractic recipients reported significant retrospectively recalled" improvement
in self-rated perceptions of health, and overall quality of life. The reported outcomes associated with Network Care reflects
a large positive clinical effect in every health-related domain investigated. Moreover, Network Care is association with significant
improvement in self-rated perceptions of
"wellness," which was positively correlated with length of time under care. This means that patients who
had been under care the longest time reported greater perceived improvement in wellness.
Milestone: The retrospective characterization reflected
an epidemiological study which could set a benchmark for future investigations in a number of disciplines relative to
assessing health
and wellness related outcomes among patients involved in holistic health care.
Milestone: While the findings of
the retrospective study are significant, of equal importance is that the survey instrument designed for the study has present
a means of non-medical assessment heretofore unavailable. The instrument has exhibited a high level of internal validity,
and has currently been used in a study in New Zealand, and is expected to be used by two other U.S. chiropractic colleges
for research/and or patient assessment.
Milestone: Bases on the outcomes revealed through the retrospective characterization
of Network Care, Dr. Epstein, its developer, elected to reconfigure Network Care into the
paradigm of Network Spinal Analysis (NSA). A year long longitudinal study of NSA has just been completed. This study
was undertaken to test the validity of findings in the
retrospective study, as well as to evaluate the association between duration of care and related health benefits. While the
data is still undergoing analysis, preliminary findings support the positive benefits retrospectively reported.
FAQ on Health & Wellness Benefits
Q: How does one evaluate health?
A: There are two distinct models Biomedical model Holistic or Wellness model The Biomedical
model considers the symptoms of a person and their laboratory test results to assess their condition or
disease. The Holistic wellness model considers the person, their extent of function, their perceptions, and their overall
quality of life.
Q: Have health professionals studied their
patients to demonstrate the changes across both models of health?
A: Some studies have been done in various professions. Members of the Association for Network Chiropractic have participated
in a study conducted by researchers within the University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine. One objective of this
study was to develop a patient reported questionnaire to evaluate health and well being through a wide range of Biomedical
and Wellness indicators incorporating both models. This survey bridges the Biomedical and Wellness assessments. The study
evaluated a population of over 2800 patients in the U.S. and abroad under Network Care. It represents the largest
study to date assessing the health and wellness benefits of a specific form
of chiropractic care. Seventy-six percent (76%) of the patients studied reported improved combined wellness changes in all
categories assessed.
Q: What is Network Care?
A: Network Care utilizes Network Spinal Analysis (NSA). NSA is a system of assessing and contributing
to spinal and neural integrity, as well as health and wellness. Practitioners employ gentle force applications to the spine
to assist the body to eliminate mechanical tension in the neurological system. The body naturally develops strategies for
dissipation of stored tension/energy, thus enhancing self-regulation of tension and spinal interference.
Q: What trends were seen in patients receiving
this form of care?
A:
An increasing percentage of patients reported progressively greater improvements in the areas assessed, as a function of duration
of care. That is, in the population studied, there was no "ceiling" to the results over time, for the health and
wellness categories investigated. The benefits reported among patient respondents were evident from those under care as recent
as 1-3 months, to those under care for as long as 3 plus years. These results have led the investigators to conclude that
"within the boundaries of this study design, these findings provide substantial evidence that Network Care should be
included among those practices with established health benefits."
Q: What Categories relating to health and wellness have been investigated, and with
what results?
A: The following categories, with examples from each section, all showed statistical and clinically
significant benefits:
1.
Improved Physical State:
Less physical pain
Less tension or stiffness of spine
Improved allergies,
eczema, skin rashes
Fewer incidence of colds and flu
Fewer headaches
Less menstrual discomfort
2. Improved Mental/Emotional State:
Positive feelings about self moodiness, less angry outbursts less depression, more
interest in life
Improved ability to think and concentrate
Less anxiety and concern about vague fears
Improved ability to stay on task
Less distress about pain
3. Improved Response to
Stress:
(Less stress relative to:)
Family, Significant relationship, Health, Finances, Daily problems, Work
General well being
4. Improved Life Enjoyment:
Openness
to guidance by "inner voice feelings"
Experience of relaxation and well being
Positive feelings about self Interest in maintaining a healthy lifestyle
Feeling open when relating to others
Confidence when dealing with adversity
Compassion for, acceptance of others
Incidence of feelings of joy or happiness
5.
Improved Overall Quality of Life relative to:
Personal life
Oneself
Extent one adapts to change
Handling of problems in life
Actual life accomplishments
Life as a whole
Overall contentment with life
Significant other
Job
Life being what one wants it to be
Romantic life
Actual work done
Co-workers
Physical appearance
In addition
to these categories, there was also a significant increase in health promoting practices and a decrease in health detracting
practices.
Literature produced by the:
Association for Network Chiropractic
444 North Main Street
Longmont,
Colorado 80501
[Tel] 303 678-8101 [Fax] 678 8089
www.associationfornetworkcare.com